Field visit क्षेत्र भेट
Field visit is an important study method in geography. Field visit is a journey by a group of people/students to a place away from their normal environment. The purpose of the field visit for student is usually observation for education, or to provide students with experiences outside their everyday activities,
The information of this study method is as follows :
Importance :
The importance of field visit can be outlined with the help of the following points :
Field visit helps in understanding various geographical concepts, elements and processes through direct personal experiences.
It helps in understanding the correlation between humans and environment.
It helps in enhancing the understanding and sensitivity about the historical, economic, social, and cultural facts about the selected field.
It makes the study of geography more interesting and supports the application of knowledge.
Examples how field visits increase geographical knowledge :
Field visit helps in knowing the details like landforms, temperature, precipitation, etc. of a particular field.
For example, by field visit one can understand the correlation between temperature and altitude.
During field visit, one can collect the information about clothes, food, culture of a
Particular region by interacting with local people.
For example, by field visit one can understand the Staple foods of people living near coastal region include rice and fish.
Preparations :
1) Deciding the place :
It includes planning about the location, distance, transportation route, means of transportation, duration of field visit, etc.
For example, deciding a place like river bank/ seashore / mountain / fort / plateau / farm / hill station/ factory/ railway station, etc.
2) Deciding the purpose :
It includes deciding the aims and learning objectives of field visit.
For example, visiting a hill station and seashore to study the differences in climatic conditions between them.
3) Collecting/ Obtaining essential documents :
It includes collecting or obtaining the location map of a field, necessary permission letters, etc.
For example, obtaining permission letter of owner of a factory allowing a visit to a factory.
Essential materials :
Notebook, pen, pencil, scale, camera, etc. to collect information.
Compass for knowing directions and maps for understanding various locations.
Questionnaire as per the purpose of field visit.
Containers or bags for collecting samples of water /soil/ rocks/plants/crops, etc.
A cap, a bottle of drinking water, first aid box, etc.
Precautions to be taken :
Obeying all instructions of teachers.
Ensuring that one does not harm the environment in any way during field visit.
Collecting relevant information as per the purpose of field visit.
It is important to manage the waste generated during field visit.
Many things like containers or bags, a bottle of drinking water, papers, maps, etc. are used during field visit. If these things are thrown here and there after their use, it leads to generation of litter.
Litter leads to pollution. It harms the surrounding environment.
Visiting a field following discipline is very essential.
How to manage the litter during field visit :
Carrying containers / bags / dustbins to collect litter dumped on a field.
Informing everyone to not to dump trash/waste on a field during field visit.
Creating awareness about cleanliness using charts and banners or performing street play, etc.
Informing and requesting officials of local corporations for taking immediate remedial actions against litter/waste dump on a field.
Report writing :
A field report should be written on the basis of information obtained after field visit is complete. The information about report writing is as follows :
(1) Basis :
Basis :Information gathered from field visit,Photographs,Maps and Informative charts
Questionnaire used for interviewing, etc.
(2) Format :
Field visit to a factory:
Questionnaire for a field visit to a factory.
The questionnaire for a field visit to a factory is as follows:
What is the year of establishment of this factory?
What is the policy and objective of factory?
Which goods are manufactured in this factory?
How many workers are working in this factory?
How Social responsibility is following by the factory management ?
Which raw material is essential for the goods manufactured in this factory?
From where is the raw material required for manufacturing the goods purchased?
Where are the goods manufactured supplied ?
Which environment protecting measures are taken by this factory?
Which safety measures are taken by this factory?
Q&A—
Question 1.
Correlate pulse cropping with low rainfall.
Answer:
(i) Extreme weather events during growing and harvesting seasons can cause serious damage to crops.
(ii) Pulses are very sensitive to torrential rain, especially in the early vegetative stage and flowering stage.
(iii) A high quantity of rainfall can cause disease infestation in crops.
Hence, pulses are grown in places where there is less to moderate rainfall.
Question 2.
Do you agree that regions and necessities influence the difference in the means of livelihood?
Answer:
(i) A person’s livelihood refers to their “means of securing the basic necessities of – food, water, shelter and clothing – of life.”
(ii) To acquire above necessities, people work either individually or as a group by using skills (both human and material) for meeting the requirements of the self. The activities are usually carried out repeatedly.
(iii) For instance, a fisherman’s livelihood depends on the availability and accessibility of fish and depending on this, primary, secondary and tertiary occupations will develop, like making of boats, nets, fish canning, transportation, etc.
(iv) So, definitely the regions and necessities influence the difference in the means of livelihood.
Question 3.
Give geographical reasons:
It is important to manage the waste during field visit.
Answer:
(i) It is our social responsibility to ensure that the cleanliness and sanctity, of the place of visit is maintained during the visit.
(ii) Managing environment also shows how responsible we are.
(iii) Managing environment assists in the prevention of the environmental pollution.
Question 4.
If you were a part of a field visit, what preparations would you make?
OR
Suppose teachers ask you to plan the visit. How will you plan the details of the trip?
If you were a part of a field visit, what preparations would you make?
OR
Suppose teachers ask you to plan the visit. How will ,you plan the details of the trip?
Answer:
Following preparations / plans will be made for the field visit:
(i) Deciding the place : Deciding an appropriate place for the field visit, selecting the means of transportation, and duration of the field visit should be planned well ahead.
e.g. selecting a place like fort/ factory/ hill station, etc.
(ii) Deciding the purpose : Deciding the objectives of the field visit and the elements which will be observed in the field visit should be decided, e.g. visiting a village to understand the problems faced by rural people in their daily life and finding solutions.
(iii) Collecting important documents : Collecting important documents like the location map, permission letters, etc.
e.g. For a visit to a factory, permission letter of the factory owner is required.
(iv) Preparing for emergencies : Preparing for emergencies is very important.
e.g. carrying first – aid kit, GPS enabled mobile phone, dry snacks, water bottle, etc.
(v) Preparing the budget: With the help of a teacher make a budget and plan the travel, stay and food expenses.
(vi) Planning the journey : Study the location map and the route map of the place to be visited. Distance, transport route should be planned. Also plan the time of departure and the entire schedule of the visit.
(vii) Making a list of items required : Water bottle, dry snacks, book, pen, binoculars, compass, camera, etc.
Question 5.
What precautions will you take continuously during the field visit?
Answer:(i) Strictly obey instructions given by teachers.
(ii) Ensure safety of oneself and others, carry first – aid box, identity cards, etc. for emergency.
(iii) Note down information gathered immediately in the book and preserve the book and samples collected carefully.
(iv) Take photographs of sites / people wherever necessary during the field visit.
(v) Safeguard the natural surroundings and the historical monuments during the visit.
(vi) Do not litter and cause any inconvenience or harm to anybody.
Question 6. Collect more information about mud and wood houses. (Dhabyachi ghare)
Answer:(i) Dhabyachi ghare or mud and wood houses are made of earth mixed with water and organic materials such as straw or dung. The roof is made up of wood.
(ii) Straw is useful in binding the brick together and allowing the brick to dry evenly, thereby preventing cracking due to uneven shrinkage through the brick. Dung offers the same advantage.
(iii) These houses are built in the low rainfall areas of Maharashtra e.g. Vidarbha, Marathwada.
Question 7.Obtain information regarding Multi-purpose Projects.
Answer:(i) Projects which serve more than one purpose are called as Multipurpose Projects.
(ii) Multi purpose Projects are planned for various purposes like irrigation and hydropower generation, water supply for drinking and industrial purpose, flood control, navigation etc.
(iii) For e.g. Bhakra Nangal Multipurpose Project on River Sutlej, Jayakwadi Multipurpose Project on River Godavari, etc.
Question 8.
‘Vegetation is an indicator of difference in precipitation’. What are the other indicators of difference in precipitation?Answer:
(i) Crops grown in a particular region can be one of the indicators of precipitation.
(ii) The type of houses found in the region is an indicator of precipitation. For e.g. in low rainfall regions, flat roof houses are found whereas in heavy rainfall regions houses have slanting roofs.
(iii) Texture and colour of the soil, humidity in the air, etc. are indicators of precipitation.
(iv) As temperatures rises, more people will need to keep cool by using air conditioner, which uses a lot of electricity. So, consumption of energy is another indicator of precipitation.
(v) Animal life can also be affected. If the climate is not suitable – (too wet, too dry, or too cold in winter) – plants and the animals that depend upon them for food or habitat will struggle or die.
Question 9.How will the terrain below appear to the birds from the sky?
Answer:(i) To the birds flying in the sky, the terrain will look like a flat land.(ii) Every object on the terrain will look very small in size.
Question 10.
Out of which process has the plateau of Maharashtra formed? What is the main type of rock seen here?
Answer:(i) The Deccan Plateau was formed due to volcanic eruptions.
(ii) The Deccan Plateau is made up of basalt rock.
Question 11.Guess in which season of the year is the field visit being undertaken?
Answer:The following points tell us that the field visit is being undertaken in the rainy season.
(i) Paddy fields are visible.
(ii) Waterfalls are seen in the Sahyadris.
Question 12.What is the concept of ‘Devrai’?
Answer:-Devrai means sacred groves / patch of forest.
In Maharashtra small patches of forest in the Ghats are protected by local people.
It is based on the understanding that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form.
These patches of forests or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned.
Question 13.
What precautions have to be taken while going to the sea coast?
Answer:The following precautions must be taken while going to the sea coast:
Sun exposure at the sea is quite high. So, bring sunglasses and a hat to beat the sun’s rays and prevent sunburn.
Consult the local people before entering the sea water.
Avoid going beaches if there’s lightning in the forecast.
Don’t go in deep water, if you do not know to swim.
Beware of the waves, some are more powerful than you think.
Don’t climb edges of rocks to click photographs, as they may be slippery.
Be sure to bring plenty of water.
Do not wear expensive watches and jewellery when going to the sea coast.
Field Visit
Question 14.
What is the simplest method of understanding the timings of the tides?
Answer:Tides are defined as the rise and fall of sea levels, caused by the combined effects of gravitational forces of the Moon, the Sun and the rotation of Earth.
The simplest method of understanding the timings of the tides is by asking the local people.
One can also do the same through observation; This tidal range typically changes twice daily.
Since the lunar high tides occur every 12 hours and 25 minutes, which means that it takes 6 hours and 12.5 minutes to go from high tide to low tide or vice versa.
Question 15.What type of photographs will you click with respect to the field visit?
Answer:The type of photographs to be clicked will depend on the purpose and place to visit.
If the purpose of field visit is to study landforms then we will click pictures of mountains slopes, plateaus and plains.
If the purpose of the visit is to study a forest, then we will click pictures of vegetation, dominant trees, wild animals, etc.
Similarly, if we are visiting a village it would be settlements, agricultural fields, roads, irrigation, schools, etc.
क्षेत्र भेट
क्षेत्रभेटीचे फायदे
- नियोजन कसे करावे हे कळते
- नेतृत्वगुणांचा विकास होतो
- एकमेकांची अधिक चांगली ओळख होते, मैत्री वाढते.
- नवनवीन मित्र मैत्रिणी मिळतात
- जबाबदारपणा येतो
- परिसराशी ओळख होते/ निसर्गाशी नातं/ जवळीक तयार होतं
- दृष्टीकोण विकसित व्हायला मदत होते
(क्षेत्रभेटीदरम्यान मुलाखतीद्वारे स्थानिक लोकांकडून माहिती मिळवता येते.
उत्तर : योग्य.
(२) क्षेत्रभेटीचे नियोजन आवश्यक नसते. उत्तर : अयोग्य.
दुरुस्त विधान : क्षेत्रभेटीचे नियोजन आवश्यक असते.
(३) क्षेत्रभेट म्हणजे मनोरंजनाच्या दृष्टिकोनातून केलेली सहल होय.
उत्तर : अयोग्य.
दुरुस्त विधान : क्षेत्रभेट म्हणजे अभ्यासाच्या दृष्टिकोनातून केलेली भौगोलिक सहल होय.
(४) प्रदेशानुसार व गरजेनुसार विविध क्षेत्रांतील लोकांच्या उपजीविकेच्या साधनांत फरक पडतो.
उत्तर : योग्य.
(५) विविध क्षेत्रांतील पर्जन्यातील फरक वनस्पतींवरून समजतो.
उत्तर : योग्य.
२ पुढील प्रश्नांची प्रत्येकी एका वाक्यात उत्तरे लिहा :
(१) क्षेत्रभेट म्हणजे काय?
उत्तर : एखाद्या ठिकाणास प्रत्यक्ष भेट देऊन तेथील घटकांची माहिती मिळवणे, म्हणजे क्षेत्रभेट' होय.
{(Expansion)आपल्या परिसरातील विविध जागा जसे कि दवाखाना, पोलीस स्टेशन, न्यायालय, शेत, जंगल, एखादी संस्था, मंदीर ई. यांना भेट देणे असा समज होतो. पण हे सर्व तर आपण सहलीतही करतोच. क्षेत्रभेट व सहल यामध्ये खूप सारे फरक करता येतील. जेव्हाही आपण एखादी जागा पहायला जातो. त्या भेटीतून आपल्याला कशाची माहिती मिळते हे आपण तिथे जाऊन काय बघतो यावर अवलंबून असते. तर मिळणारे ज्ञान हे आपण तिथे कशाचे निरीक्षण करतो यावर अवलंबून असते.म्हणजेच या तीनही गोष्टी निरनिराळ्या आहेत व त्यांचे फायदे निरनिराळे आहेत.}
(२) क्षेत्रभेटीद्वारे एखाद्या क्षेत्राच्या कोणकोणत्या बाबींशी संबंधित माहिती मिळवता येते?
उत्तर : क्षेत्रभेटीद्वारे एखाद्या क्षेत्राच्या भौगोलिक, सामाजिक, आर्थिक, ऐतिहासिक व सांस्कृतिक बाबींशी संबंधित माहिती मिळवता येते.
(३) क्षेत्रभेटीच्या अनुषंगाने तुम्ही कोणत्या गोष्टींची छायाचित्रे काढाल?
उत्तर : क्षेत्रभेटीच्या अनुषंगाने आम्ही क्षेत्रातील पिकांची, प्राण्यांची, पक्ष्यांची, मातीची, दगडांची, वनस्पतींची, घराची छायाचित्र काढू.
(४) क्षेत्रभेटीदरम्यान विविध प्रकारची माहिती तुम्ही कशी मिळवाल?
उत्तर : क्षेत्रभेटीदरम्यान आम्ही प्रत्यक्ष निरीक्षणातून, मुलाखत व प्रश्नावली तंत्राचा वापर करून आणि क्षेत्राच्या ठिकाणी उपलब्ध असलेल्या कागदपत्रांचा अभ्यास करून विविध प्रकारची माहिती मिळवू.
(५) विविध क्षेत्रांतील पर्जन्यमानातील फरक कोणकोणत्या बाबीवरून लक्षात येतो?
उत्तर : विविध क्षेत्रांतील पर्जन्यमानातील फरक विविध क्षेत्रांतील वनस्पती, घराची रचना, लोकांचे पोशाख, लोकांच्या आहारातील पदार्थ इत्यादी बाबींवरून लक्षात येतो.
थोडक्यात उत्तरे लिहा :
(१) क्षेत्रभेटीची आवश्यकता स्पष्ट करा.
उत्तर : क्षेत्रभेटीची आवश्यकता पुढील मुद्द्यांच्या आधारे स्पष्ट करता येते :
(१) क्षेत्रभेटीद्वारे भौगोलिक संकल्पनांचा, घटकांचा व प्रक्रियांचा प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव घेता येतो.
(२) क्षेत्रभेटीद्वारे मानव व पर्यावरण यांतील सहसंबंध जाणून घेता येतो.
(३) क्षेत्रभेटीद्वारे क्षेत्रभेटीसाठी निवडलेल्या क्षेत्रातील सामाजिक, आर्थिक, ऐतिहासिक आणि सांस्कृतिक परिस्थितींचा अभ्यास करता येतो.
(४) भूगोलाचा अभ्यास अधिक रंजक होतो अभ्यासलेल्या ज्ञानाच्या उपयोजनास चालना मिळते.
(२) क्षेत्रभेटीदरम्यान सातत्याने कोणकोणत्या गोष्टींची काळजी घ्याल? उत्तर : क्षेत्रभेटीदरम्यान सातत्याने पुढील गोष्टींची काळजी घेऊ :
(१) क्षेत्रभेटीदरम्यान स्वतःची व इतरांची सुरक्षितता पाहू व ओळखपत्र, प्रथमोपचार पेटी, अत्यावश्यक दूरध्वनी क्रमांकांची यादी बरोबर ठेवू.
(२) क्षेत्रभेटीदरम्यान शिक्षकांच्या सूचनांचे पालन करू.
(३) क्षेत्रभेटीदरम्यान स्थानिक लोकांशी संपर्क साधून तेथील परिस्थितीची सखोल व अचूक माहिती मिळवू.
(४) क्षेत्रभेटीदरम्यान क्षेत्रातील मालमत्तेचे व तेथील पर्यावरणाचे नुकसान होणार नाही याविषयी खबरदारी घेऊ.
(३) क्षेत्रभेटीसाठी तुम्ही कोणते साहित्य घ्याल?
उत्तर :
माहितीची नोंद करण्यासाठी नोंदवही, पेन, पेन्सिल, मोजपट्टी, कॅमेरा, दुरबीण इत्यादी .क्षेत्रभेटीसाठी पुढील साहित्य सोबत नेणे गरजेचे आहे क्षेत्रभेटीसाठी निवडलेल्या ठिकाणचा नकाशा क्षेत्रभेटीसाठी निवडलेले ठिकाणाचा वाहतुकीचा नकाशा त्याचप्रमाणे क्षेत्रभेटीसाठी याठिकाणी विविध वस्तू गोळा करण्यासाठी एखादी पिशवी क्षेत्रभेटी मध्ये महत्त्वाच्या गोष्टी लिहिण्यासाठी पेन पेन्सिल अपघाताच्या वेळी पीडित रुग्णाला मदतीसाठी प्रथम उपचार पेटी क्षेत्रभेट मध्ये विविध गोष्टींच्या वस्तूंचे व्याप्ती छायाचित्र काढण्यासाठी कॅमेरा . स्थानाच्या दिशा निश्चितीसाठी होकायंत्र व सखोल अभ्यासासाठी नकाशे क्षेत्रभेटीच्या हेतूनुसार माहिती संकलनासाठी नमुना प्रश्नावली.क्षेत्रातील पडलेला कचरा संकलित करण्यासाठी मोठ्या आकाराच्या गोणी व पिशव्या बरोबर नेऊ. प्रकारे
(क्षेत्रभेटीचा अहवाल कोणत्या मुद्द्यांच्या आधारे तयार कराल?
उत्तर : क्षेत्रभेटीचा अहवाल पुढील मुद्द्यांच्या आधारे तया करू:
(१) प्रस्तावना.
(२) क्षेत्रभेटीचे महत्त्व व उद्दिष्टे.
(३) संबंधित क्षेत्रातील प्राकृतिक रचना, नद्या, तलाव, हवामान, पर्जन्यमान, उदयोग, पिके, प्राणी, वनस्पती, घरे व घरांची रचना, वाहतुकीच्या सोयी, लोकसंख्या, लोकांचा आहार, पोशाख, संस्कृती इत्यादी बाबींविषयीच्या माहितीचे संकलन व माहितीचे चित्रांच्या, छायाचित्रांच्या, तक्त्यांच्या, आलेखांच्या साहाय्याने सादरीकरण.
(४) निष्कर्ष, आभार प्रदर्शन व संदर्भसूची.
पुढील प्रश्नांची सविस्तर उत्तरे लिहा :
१) तुम्ही क्षेत्रभेटीत सहभागी होणार असाल, तर कशी तयारी कराल?
किंवा
समजा, शिक्षकांनी क्षेत्रभेटीचे आयोजन तुम्हांला करायला सांगितले तर तुम्ही तपशीलवार नियोजन कसे कराल? उत्तर : क्षेत्रभेटीची तयारी/तपशीलवार नियोजन पुढील प्रकारे करू :
(१) ठिकाणनिश्चिती:
(१) क्षेत्रभेटीचे नेमके ठिकाण ठरवणे व त्या ठिकाणी पोहोचण्यासाठी लागणारा कालावधी व उपलब्ध असलेली वाहतुकीची साधने इत्यादी बाबींचा आढावा घेणे.
(२) उदा., नदीकिनारा, समुद्रकिनारा, पर्वत, किल्ला, पठार, शेत, थंड हवेचे ठिकाण, कारखाना, रेल्वे स्थानक इत्यादी. (२) हेतूनिश्चिती :
(१) क्षेत्रभेटीचा नेमका हेतू व अध्ययन निष्पत्ती निश्चित करणे.
(२) उदा., थंड हवेच्या ठिकाणास व समुद्रकिनाऱ्यास भेट देऊन या दोन ठिकाणांतील हवामानांतील फरकाचा अभ्यास करणे इत्यादी.
(३) अत्यावश्यक कागदपत्रांची पूर्तता : (१) क्षेत्रभेटीसाठी अत्यावश्यक नकाशे, महत्त्वाची माहिती, परवानगी पत्रे इत्यादी बाबींचे संकलन करणे,
(२) उदा., कारखान्यास भेट देण्यासाठी कारखान्याच्या मालकाने/ व्यवस्थापकाने दिलेले परवानगी पत्र इत्यादी.
(४) प्रश्नावली निर्मिती:
(१) क्षेत्रभेटीच्या हेतूनुसार व निवडलेल्या ठिकाणानुसार प्रश्नावली तयार करणे,
(२) उदा., शेतास भेट देताना शेतकऱ्याकडून माहिती मिळवण्यासाठी पुढील स्वरूपाची प्रश्नावली तयार करणे :
१.तुमची शेतजमीन कोणत्या पिकासाठी अनुकूल आहे ?
२. शेतातील पिकांची नासधूस होऊ नये म्हणून तुम्ही कोणती खबरदारी घेता?
३. तुम्ही शेतीसाठी कोणती जलसिंचन पद्धत वापरता? इत्यादी.
नोंद विदयार्थी मित्रांनो, आपण आपल्या क्षेत्रभेटीच्या हेतूनुसार व निवडलेल्या ठिकाणानुसार क्षेत्रभेटीच्या तयारीत/तपशीलवार नियोजनात बदल करू शकता
(२) कारखान्यास भेट देण्यासाठी प्रश्नावली तयार करा.
उत्तर : कारखान्यास भेट देण्यासाठी प्रश्नावली
(१) या कारखान्याची स्थापना कोणत्या वर्षी झाली?
(२) कारखान्यात कोणकोणत्या वस्तूंचे उत्पादन होते?
(३) कारखान्यात कार्यरत असणाऱ्या कामगारांची एकूण संख्या किती?
(४) कारखान्यातील वस्तूंच्या उत्पादनासाठी कोणत्या कच्च्या मालाची आवश्यकता असते?
(५) कारखान्यातील वस्तूंच्या उत्पादनासाठी लागणारा कच्चा माल कोणत्या ठिकाणाहून आणला जातो?
(६) कारखान्यात उत्पादित झालेला पक्का माल कोणत्या ठिकाणी विक्रीस पाठवला जातो?
(७) कारखान्यातील कामगारांच्या सुरक्षिततेसाठी कोणती खबरदारी घेतली जाते?
(८) पर्यावरणास हानी होऊ नये यासाठी कोणत्या उपाययोजना केल्या जातात?
Edited for fair use ...educational purpose